In most cases, powered access platforms are the safest way to work at height and lift people and equipment quickly, but in most cases using an appropriate body harness is also strongly recommended.

There are two main uses for a body harness with access equipment:

• As an additional fall protection for a specific job at height - the harness is anchored to prevent falling from the cage
• To restrict movement into an area of danger - the harness is adjusted to keep the person within a restricted, safe work space

When do you need a harness?

There may be some occasions where a harness is beneficial for a job using a vertical lift powered access platform, but it is strongly recommended that a full body harness is always used with both static and mobile boom lifts such as a tracked access spider lift or vehicle mounted access platform.

Boom lifts have a wider range of movement than other access platforms and some are designed to manoeuvre around obstacles in the built and natural environments. Reaching certain places that are high up and hard to reach can increase the risk of falls and in extreme circumstances where poor ground conditions exist, and proper ground inspections and assessments of the route have not taken place, may even tip over the machine, so a full body harness with restricted or restrained movement is an essential safety tool.

Completing a full risk assessment of the job site before work starts will show whether personal protective equipment is needed

Training

As there are different types of harness, knowing what equipment to use for a specific situation can be difficult so there are courses to train operatives in the use and legal requirements of personal protection equipment.

The training includes:

• Learning how to identify when a harness is required for a job
• How to select the right equipment when using a boom lift or vertical lift access platform
• Inspecting the harness to make sure it is safe and functional
• How to fit and use a harness and associated equipment safely

Employers are responsible for making sure that their powered access platform operatives are able to identify potential risks and select and use the appropriate equipment to meet health and safety regulations.

A harness and other personal protective equipment, such as a hard hat, are vital to the safe and successful completion of a job at height. If there are obstacles to avoid with a boom lift, or the job involves unusual circumstances, the additional safety measures will ensure that there are no avoidable accidents or injuries.

The Powered Access Licence – PAL Card – is awarded to all operators of access equipment who have completed their training at any one of the 500 IPAF-approved training centres. It is recognised worldwide as proof of skill and ability by all the varied industries that rely on powered access platforms to carry out work at height.

Who needs a PAL Card?

Basic training should be given to any teams or individuals who need to use powered access platforms to work at height. Not only will this ensure that the job is completed more efficiently but it will also safeguard against misuse of the equipment which could lead to serious injury or death, and prosecution.

As the industries that work at height are so varied, the PAL card offers certification of a new skill on top of existing trades such as electrician, cleaner or window fitter.

Employers are obligated by law to provide proper training in the use of access platforms to comply with health and safety and work at height regulations. If employees have a PAL Card, it proves that all legal requirements have been fulfilled in that area.

Facts and Figures

• Every year, more than 90,000 PAL cards are issued around the world
• PAL cards are valid for five years and show the holder's assessment date and the expiry date when re-training is required
• It shows the types of equipment that the holder has been trained to operate
• It shows the level to which the holder has been trained, e.g. operator, demonstrator and instructor
• Security features include a holographic logo and the holder's photograph and signature to prevent misuse
• Site and safety managers can check if a card is genuine either online or by calling the IPAF hotline: +44 (0)15395 66700

Powered access platforms are easy to operate and widely accepted as the safest way to work at height but without proper training, accidents can still occur. For the employees, PAL Cards certify the skills and abilities of anyone operating access equipment and lifting people and equipment to significant heights. They are able to prove they are capable and experienced , and the training will guarantee the proper use of machinery.

For employers across the globe, PAL Cards are a universal way of ensuring that they meet the requirements of health and safety legislation so that all operators are fully trained in the proper and safe use of access platforms, which will increase productivity and avoid serious accidents.

Health and safety laws govern the use of access platforms to ensure they are safe to use and do not pose a risk to anyone operating them or in the vicinity of the work area. Before renting, buying or using access equipment it is important to know all the legal requirements that govern their use to avoid serious accidents and potential prosecution if problems occur.

There are three key elements to using powered access platforms of all types, safely and effectively:

• Make sure you have the right equipment for the job – a spider lift or tracked access platform will be necessary for limited access or you may need an all-terrain access platform to complete a job in a remote rural area
• Carry out a full risk assessment before each job which should include location, ground conditions and any potential hazards that might be relevant
• Keep access equipment in premium working condition with pre-start inspections before each job and regular servicing and maintenance.

Current Legislation

The 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act includes several regulations that apply to the use of powered access platforms which are:

• Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
• Lifting Equipment and Lifting Operations Regulations 1998
• Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
• Work at Height Regulations 2005
• Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007

The manufacturing standard of access equipment is also regulated and must meet safety standards set by the European Union.

Industries that work with powered access platforms have codes of practice and standards to provide expert guidance on how to meet the legal requirements of their work.

Who is responsible?

It is up to the employer or user of the powered access equipment to ensure it is handled safely and this means training all staff that are going to operate or use it. Governing bodies such as the International Powered Access Federation (IPAF) offer training in the various areas of legislation as part of its vocational and practical training courses.

Leaflets and information can also be obtained from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to summarise the key points of the law.

Legislation aims to make the use of powered access platforms and completion of jobs at height, safer for everyone who either uses or comes into contact with the access equipment. It might seem like a minefield, however a lot of it is common sense and it is always important to know the legal requirements of a job so that you can avoid the serious consequences of a health and safety failure.

Maintaining and servicing access equipment will prolong its life and is required to meet health and safety regulations. A pre-start inspection should be carried out every day and all staff should be briefed in what they entail. These checks will confirm that the machinery is safe to operate and identify any potential hazards it may pose before the work at height is carried out.

What to check

There are a number of key functions and features on access platforms which should be in full working order before the equipment is used. Even if the access equipment is rented from a reputable firm, the hirer is responsible for the health and safety of the people using it, so it is important to carry out your own checks as well as those done by the supplier.

Controls – Test all lift controls before any people or equipment are raised from the ground. This should include cut out switches and emergency stop mechanisms.

Hydraulic fluid and petrol - The oil level in the tank should be full when the platform is on a level surface and there should be enough fuel in the tank to complete the job.

Maintenance – Check the vehicle for any signs of damage or age which might cause it to malfunction. This should include identifying damaged or loose hoses or fittings, rust, corrosion, holes and electrical faults.

Stability – For mobile access platforms, the brakes of the vehicle should be fully functional. The base units of powered access platforms need to be locked into position before the platform is extended or elevated. Check all stabiliser legs and extendable parts are operational before use.

Before you set up

A full risk assessment should be carried out at the site of any job to identify any potential hazards such as overhead power lines or underground services, and to check the ground conditions. Here are a few helpful things to consider before you start:

• Make sure the ground is strong enough to take the weight of the equipment before you start to lift anyone or anything
• Clearly mark off your work area to ensure you have a safe area to complete the job
• Only allow trained operatives to control the access equipment
• Make sure the powered access platform is fully stabilized before operation
• Do not exceed the maximum load capacity of the access platform.

Carrying out the relevant checks before you start will ensure that any jobs at height are completed quickly and safely. It is worth checking the equipment thoroughly yourself as part of the overall risk assessment of your job. Not only will this ensure that your equipment is well maintained and fit for purpose for longer but it will also prevent avoidable accidents.

The main advantage to using access equipment that runs on a continuous track rather than on wheels, is the ability to work on delicate surfaces both indoors and outdoors. The tracks spread the weight of the powered access platform over a wider area and exert a lot less pressure on the ground than when the weight is spread between four wheels. This means they are ideal for fragile surfaces including:

• Garden pathways
• Interior flooring
• Soft mud
• Ice and snow
• Wet sand

The most common type of tracked access platforms are spider lifts which are designed to access and operate in tight spaces that may be inaccessible to other types of access platforms. For some specialist jobs at height, tracked access platforms may be the only way to get the job done. If there are weight restrictions, or height and width limits to reach the job, then a compact design and ability to operate across a variety of ground conditions are a major advantage.

Spider lifts are lightweight, compact and flexible and ideal for working in tight spaces or on fragile ground conditions. They can be used on steep slopes and are able to fit through a standard doorway sized gap if necessary. Spider lifts are used by a diverse range of industries working at height because of their flexibility and adaptability to interior and exterior working environments.

Some of the key features include:

• The ability to stabilize on sloping ground
• Can be used indoors with an electric motor for noise reduction and white tracks to prevent marking floors
• Great ground clearance for difficult work sites
• Tracks and boom can be controlled proportionally
• Can fit through a standard size, single doorway or gate

Tracked access platforms can be used on a variety of ground conditions however they do not have the four wheel drive capacity of dedicated all-terrain access platforms, which may be needed to reach jobs at height in more extreme off road locations and weather conditions.

Tracked access platforms offer versatility for a wide range of jobs at height. They can be used on almost any ground surface and the low ground pressure provides stability and safety on internal floors, on gardens and drive ways, and in soft outdoor ground conditions. Combined with a spider lift, they are one of the most adaptable and useful powered access platforms available.

Finding a reliable and reputable hire firm is essential to make sure that you have the right access equipment for your job and that the machines you hire are functioning to the highest standards possible.

There are a few useful things to consider when deciding to hire powered access platforms which will help you find the right equipment from the right supplier:

Health and Safety

This is the most important consideration when renting access platforms. It is the responsibility of the person who is going to use the access equipment to ensure that all other users are fully trained. This is a legal requirement and is in place to avoid serious accidents or even death. Common accidents covered by training include falls from the basket, items dropped from a height and over-tipping. A reputable hire company will either be able to provide this training or direct you to a suitable independent training firm.

Servicing and Maintenance

Most rented equipment is not brand new and will be used by multiple companies in its rental lifetime. This makes it even more important to ensure that all used access platforms have been fully serviced and maintained and meet all the required safety standards. Ask your hire company to give you details of the servicing and who has worked on .

Job specifics

Before you hire a powered access platform, you need to know the specifics of the job to make sure you are renting the right equipment. This may include location, height of the job, access to the site, obstacles that need to be overcome, and the number of people or type of equipment that need to be lifted to the required height. If you are unsure about what you need then speak to your hire company as they will be able to advise you on choosing the right equipment and any health and safety requirements

Ground conditions

A full risk assessment should be carried out before starting any job and this should include details of the relevant ground conditions. The strength and type of ground surface varies depending on location and even the weather, but is very important to the stability of access equipment. Many powered access platforms are able to stabilize on steep gradients though some fragile floors may need extra assistance. If you are concerned, ask your rental firm if they can rent or recommend spreader plates which will spread the pressure load and increase safety.

Hiring a powered access platform is cost effective for smaller firms or for private use and can save money on storage, maintenance and the other outgoings associated with owning a powered access platform. It is important to find a good hire firm that can provide quality equipment and advice to help your needs. Your hire firm should support you to make the right choice of vehicle and comply with health and safety demands so you can get your job completed quickly, safely and with confidence.

The Spread the Load! campaign aims to encourage the use of spreader plates with powered access platforms and prevent accidents caused by inadequate risk assessments of unstable ground, and incorrect set up of access equipment.

Why use spreader plates?

Spreader plates reduce the heavy loads and pressure at the point of contact between a boom lift or stabilizer leg and the ground, by spreading the load through a wider area.

When they are not used, the pressure can cause problems, even on seemingly stable ground surfaces, including instability, sinking or tipping over all of which can lead to serious injury and even death.

A typical 18m boom can weigh more than 10 tonnes and generate a ground bearing pressure more than 14.06kg/cm. If the spreader plate is just twice the size of the outrigger foot, it can reduce the ground pressure by four times.

Risk assessments for jobs at height need to consider ground conditions and potential issues below the surface such as services. However, it can be hard to tell how solid the ground is as conditions can change with the weather and can vary even on the same site.

Choosing the right spreader plates

Selecting the right size and type of spreader plate for specific locations and access equipment is important. Spreader plates should be big enough, stiff enough and strong enough to cope with pressure and weight demands.

The following points should be considered before the job starts:

• Identify poor ground conditions, assess the load bearing pressure of the ground and calculate the correct size of spreader for the situation
• Plate size should reduce load-bearing pressure and provide a stable footing and not sink into the ground when in use
• They should be stiff enough to create high pressure points and not sink or distort
• Plates should be strong enough to bear the load without breaking
• The plates can be made from timber, aluminium or various plastics and resins
• Varied ground and weather conditions mean even jobs on the same site may need different plates.

A group of IPAF members started the Spread the Load! campaign and more information is available in a variety of formats including leaflets, posters, stickers and a video which are available to  view and download at www.ipaf.org/spreaders

IPAF Chief Executive Tim Whiteman said, "MEWPs are very safe and stable, but incorrect set-up can cause instability and lead to overturning.  This is often the result of inadequate ground assessment, poor selection of spreader plates, or incorrect positioning of outriggers. The Spread the Load! Campaign sets out to give clear and practical guidance on when and how to use spreader plates."

They carry massive electrical voltages and related accidents cause about five deaths and numerous injuries each year. No contact needs to be made with the lines; if the cage of a powered access platform gets too close, electricity can flash over it with disastrous results.

It is important to know where overhead power lines are in relation to any elevated job. Lives can be saved by making sure anyone working on the site is fully briefed on the location, height and voltage of overhead power lines, and what to do if an accident occurs.

Choosing access equipment

Having the right access equipment for the job is the first way to ensure safe working at height around overhead power lines. Powered access platforms are the quickest way to lift people and equipment to most elevated tasks. Road rail access platforms are frequently used by rail companies for working safely on overhead lines along the track.

Here are a few things to consider:

• If you are using mobile access equipment, make sure it is safe to move between jobs without getting too close
• Check the maximum height and maximum vertical reach of access equipment, including folding parts, and match this to the maximum working heights permitted under each span of overhead line
• The dangers of contact or flashover can be reduced by using equipment that will not reach more than 4 m from the ground
• Make sure all workers and contractors are briefed on the location of overhead power lines on site
• Designate safe areas for high-risk operations, such as boom folding or telescopic handler use.

Coping with accidents

Guidance from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) clearly states what to do if there is contact or flashover with a high voltage line:

● Do not touch the line as it might still be live, even if it has fallen

● If the access platform is touching the overhead line, electrocution is still possible from both the machine and the ground. Stay in the powered access platform and lower any raised parts in contact or drive the machine out of the lines if possible.

● If you need to get out urgently, jump without touching any wires or the machine.

● Ask the electricity company to disconnect the supply.

Overhead power lines do pose a significant danger to many jobs at height  and care should be taken when working around them. However, proper planning and training will prevent most accidents and make sure workers are prepared and safe when they do. Powered access platforms are still the safest way to work on jobs at height and are essential for maintenance of the lines themselves in some instances, so understanding the risks is a priority for managing a safe and effective job.

Whether it’s bespoke access solutions for the fire service, or specialist access equipment to manage rescue situations in awkward spaces, there is an aerial work platform to tackle most risky situations.

Many of the features of powered access platforms suit complicated or challenging rescues from high places:

• All terrain access platforms are designed to move quickly and safely over rough terrain and stabilise on extreme surface conditions including ice and sand.
• Road rail access platforms are interchangeable between both infrastructures and can be used for rescues on remote sections of track, from steep verges or overhead power lines
• Boom lifts move vertically and horizontally and are able to reach heights over tricky obstacles such as architectural extensions and trees
• Spider lifts can be used for both internal and external rescue situations and can access and be used in narrow spaces and on fragile surfaces such as paths or floors.

To one profession in particular, powered access platforms are essential. Every day across the world, fire service departments rely on powered access platforms to help them save lives. This could be reaching high windows to get people out of a burning building or even a lift with a hose to target water at specific areas of fire. 

As well as the fire brigade, they are used in the construction, tree surgery, window cleaning and a whole range of industries that work at height to get the job done and to come to the assistance of workers on the unfortunate occasions when things go wrong.

Rescue from platforms

Access platforms may be safer for people to use but operators still need to take care to avoid accidents and problems. Every now and then a situation may arise when individuals need to be rescued from a powered access platform. Fortunately most incidents can be easily avoided by taking a few simple safety measures before use:

• Training – Make sure all staff are trained to use the access equipment and are familiar with the specific model that they are working with
• Maintenance – Machinery should be regularly inspected  and serviced to avoid accidents due to malfunction
• Risk assessment – before every job a full risk assessment should be carried out at the work location to identify any potential hazards and ensure they are avoided

Getting to height at speed and safely are two big bonuses of using access equipment. That’s why they are a vital support for most rescue situations at height. The mobility and flexibility of different types of access platform make saving lives safer and easier, at a time when every second counts.

Access platforms are the fastest and safest solution to get people and equipment to hard to reach places but buying a new piece of equipment can be a big expense, especially for small and medium sized companies. Fortunately, there is a thriving market for quality, pre-owned access equipment which is available at a reduced price.

Buying used access platforms can be an affordable solution for business that have regular and multiple jobs at height. It is an investment that will pay for itself over time by saving on rental costs and any time lost by using traditional climbing methods such as ladders or scaffolding.

If you are buying second hand then it's important to make sure to know the history of a powered access platform. Used access platforms are sold by many rental and retail firms and there are a few things to look out for:

Age – Find out how old the powered access platform is to make sure it is still possible to get parts and servicing.

History - Ask who the previous owners were and what the equipment has previously been used for as this could affect wear and tear.

Model – Spend time researching the right platform for specific tasks. For example, vehicle mounted access platforms offer ease of mobility, or a spider lift is suitable for work in tight spaces.

Servicing and maintenance –It is important to find out when and who has inspected equipment over its lifetime and that there is proof that it complies with current safety legislation. Also ask about the credentials of whoever has done the work to make sure they are fully trained and experienced.

Storage and insurance – Always consider the additional costs of owning an expensive piece of equipment. Find out what the legal requirements are with regard to servicing and make sure there is a secure place to store the platform when it is not in use.

After these considerations, it may be the case that renting powered access platforms offers the best value for money and flexibility for a smaller business. However, used access platforms offer value for money and can be more cost-effective in the long term if the number of jobs at height increases. Reputable suppliers will ensure they are acquired from reputable sources, fully serviced and inspected so they provide maximum efficiency at a more affordable price.

There are a wide range of jobs at height that require speed and safety; from tree surgery in parks and urban areas, to essential agricultural work. Most safety considerations of working outside can be overcome by choosing the right type of powered access platform. Depending on your job, issues with complicated access, unstable ground, unusual ground conditions, hard to reach places and avoiding obstacles can all be resolved.

Access equipment for landscaping work

All Terrain Access Platforms can cope with extreme ground conditions including mud, ice and sand. They can travel at speed through rough terrain, can be stabilised on steep gradients and are light and compact with four wheel drive and four wheel steering.

Vehicle mounted access platforms are ideal for multiple jobs on more stable ground conditions. They can move quickly between jobs, sometimes in an elevated position, and most can be driven on a standard car driving licence. The other advantage of mobile access platforms is they can be tailored to specific requirements with a choice of boom configurations, chassis and stabiliser types.

Road towable boom lifts can overcome challenging obstacles as they move both horizontally and vertically to reach significant working heights. They can be set up quickly and easily and are suitable for delicate ground conditions.

Road Rail Access platforms are designed to work on both infrastructures equally effectively. Switching between the two operation modes is easy and it avoids the problem of accessing remote sections of track through protected areas of countryside.

Outdoor jobs for powered access

Powered access platforms can get people and equipment to the site of the job quickly and effectively. Clearing and landscaping urban green areas and rural areas for the spring is essential maintenance work to ensure environments don't become overgrown and even unsafe during summer months.

Agriculture
Access platforms are useful for a wide range of agricultural jobs including fruit harvesting (where the nickname cherry picker originated from) and site maintenance.

Tree surgery

Trees need to be kept under control to avoid the dangers of falling branches, poor visibility for cars and trucks during summer months, and risks to buildings in urban areas. Using a powered access platform is not only quicker but much safer and less exhausting than climbing a ladder to reach the top of a tree and then using a chainsaw.

Grass verges

Verges and embankments frequently need to be cleared of vegetation and debris. Aerial work platforms are ideal for clearing steep grass verges, especially in hard to reach places including roadsides, parkland and railway sidings.

Powered access platforms are quicker and safer for most landscaping jobs outdoors and offer versatility and flexibility to reach even challenging locations and overcome obstacles. With stability on delicate ground and the ability to tackle even extreme locations, powered access equipment is ideal for preparing rural and urban areas for spring and summer.

Different models have alternative features that can suit very specific tasks at height in a wide range of locations and, as with any job, it is essential to get the right equipment and the right people. Mobility is a big bonus of powered access platforms as they can be transported, set up and operational quickly and easily, and some mobile access platforms can even be moved mid-job. 

Whether you are buying or renting powered access platforms here are a few things to consider when choosing the right equipment for your specific business needs:

1. Location

• How far will people and equipment need to be transported?
• What is the height distance that needs to be reached?
• How many people will it take to complete the job?
• Is the job on or offsite and how does this impact on the work?
• Are there multiple tasks that could require a vehicle mounted access platform?

2. Space and access

• Is the job indoors or outdoor?
• Is it a tight space that could require a tracked access spider lift?
• Is there sufficient room to reach the site, set up and safely install and remove the access equipment?
• Are there any obstructions such as branches or architectural overhangs which may need the flexibility of a boom lift?

3. Ground conditions

• Can the ground take the weight of the powered access platform?
• Are there any steep slopes or poor ground conditions?
• Are there any fragile surfaces that could require extra stability?
• Can the site be accessed by road or will it require an all-terrain powered access platform?

4. Frequency of use

• Do you have on-going jobs at height or is it a one off requirement?
• Is it more cost effective to buy rather than rent equipment?
• Do you have adequate storage space for an access platform?

5. Health and Safety

• Are staff trained to operate a powered access platform safely and effectively?
• Has a risk assessment been carried out onsite?
• Does the job require heavy lifting?

Powered access equipment is the safest option for working at height, especially if the job involves reaching awkward spaces, lifting heavy tools or equipment, accessing jobs in hard to reach areas or on unstable ground and fragile surfaces.

Different equipment can solve a range of specific problems including working indoors or in tight spaces (spider lifts); reaching jobs in remote areas (all-terrain vehicles); and carrying out multiple jobs on site in one go (mobile work platforms). Each individual job and industry will have specific requirements from access equipment but these five considerations are a good starting point to ensure you get the best powered access solution.

Last month, The International Powered Access Federation (IPAF) launched a scheme to collect worldwide data on fatal accidents involving aerial work platforms to improve the safe use of equipment.

Manufacturers, rental companies, contractors and users can report any known accidents or incidents by filling in a form on the organisation's website. The information will create a comprehensive database that can spot trends and improve safety, training and equipment.

In a letter to IPAF members, CEO Tim Whiteman said: "Powered access offers one of the safest and most efficient ways to work at height. When an accident happens involving a platform, it tends to become a spectacle and grabs the headlines. However, powered access actually accounts for a small percentage of all accidents related to work at height, and this project intends to uncover hard data to support that anecdotal evidence and to inform further safety initiatives."

Falls are the main cause of accidents and the construction industry has the highest rate of fatal injury. Often accidents occur as a result of insufficient training or misuse of equipment and it is the responsibility of the employer or individual user of the access platforms to ensure that all the legal safety requirements for use of the machinery are met.

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) suggests the following precautions should be taken by anyone using access equipment to avoid unnecessary and serious accidents such as tip overs or falls:

• All equipment should be properly checked for safety and performance in the last six months
• Only fit working platforms to suitable machines and make sure they are fitted properly
• Check the manufacturers guidance to ensure that trucks  and mobile platforms are compatible
• Machines should have a tilt/trip 'lock' to prevent accidental tilting of the platform
• Use properly constructed working platforms with full edge protection
• Edge protection gates should open inwards, upwards or sideways, and return automatically to the closed position
• Fit suitable screens/guards to platforms to prevent access to any dangerous parts of the mast or boom
• Always ensure someone remains at the controls of the truck while the platform is elevated

Most accidents involving powered access platforms are avoidable but when they do happen they can be serious and even fatal. Make sure you are working on suitable equipment with fully trained people and that a full risk assessment has been carried out on the working area before you start. Information can be shared with IPAF at http://www.ipaf.org/accident to help prevent further accidents in the future.

Boom lifts are specially designed to support jobs on or offsite that are high up and in hard to reach places. Many buildings and spaces have obstructions such as branches, architecture or even geographical features that can get in the way of some access platforms and cost time and money to get round.

Unlike some access equipment that is designed for just moving up and down from one position, boom lifts can move in different directions – vertically and horizontally. The articulated or hydraulic mechanisms make it easier and safer to get staff to areas which might be otherwise out of reach.

They are used by a wide range of professionals including construction companies, window fitters, engineers, tree surgeons, councils, public utilities and rescue organisations.

Here are some of the main benefits of boom lifts:

• Like scissor lifts, boom lifts can be used indoors or out and some models come with an electric motor to minimise indoor noise disruption 
• The boom lift is road towable and has no manufacturer speed restrictions
• Strong stabilizer legs are used to anchor them to the ground and they can reach heights of up to 26 metres
• An on board drive system means they are easy to position safely and accurately
• There are AC power, engine and battery options
• Manufacturers such as DINOlift include an intuitive control system for simple use
• Some models have lightweight mechanisms so they can operate without damaging floors or delicate ground

Before using a boom lift a full risk assessment should be carried out. Look for unstable ground and consider the obstacles which need to be negotiated before setting up your equipment. It could be that you need additional stabilisation pads to spread the weight of the legs on unstable ground or that your choice of model is influenced by the particular needs of the job.

Boom lifts offer flexibility for a range of hard-to-reach jobs indoors and outdoors. They can overcome obstacles that might otherwise cost time and money to resolve and are easy to move around and set up. A combination of strength, stability and reach has made them a popular choice of access equipment with a range of professional sectors and services who need to work quickly and efficiently at height, in a variety of working environments.

Depending on the size of your job and your business needs, there are pros and cons to buying your own access equipment or choosing to rent individual machines on a job-by-job basis.

Reasons to Buy

Purchasing your own mobile access platforms is a definite bonus to larger companies that have multiple and regular jobs at height. This could include construction companies, utilities and local authorities.

Here are a few reasons why buying may be the best choice for your business:

• Branding - owning your own equipment means you can brand it up with your company logo which could be important if you want to attract new customers or if you are a public service organisation.
• Saving money long term – If you do a lot of jobs at height then renting equipment can be costly and it makes financial sense to own the necessary access platforms.
• Training – Larger firms can train multiple staff to use the equipment which is good for business and enables firms to have job flexibility.

Some companies can be put off by the initial cost of buying a powered access platform but there are other options to consider:

• Used access platforms – Quality, pre-owned aerial work platforms can be bought for a reduced price. Reputable suppliers will ensure they are acquired from reputable sources, fully serviced and inspected.
• Finance options – Some suppliers offer finance plans for customers to help them buy the plant they need. Look for accredited lending schemes with payment options including hire purchase, leases and contact hire.

Reasons to Rent

Not every user of a powered access platform is a big company with multiple jobs at height so for private jobs and one off tasks then renting is a better option.

• Cost effective – Renting saves money on the costs of keeping and running a large powered access vehicle that is not in use for a lot of the time.
• Servicing and maintenance – The costs of servicing and maintenance can be saved as they are the responsibility of the rental firm. This means the equipment is always security checked and safe to use, with the relevant documentation. Users still need to be trained in the use of both powered access equipment and the model of lift used, even if it is for a private job.
• Storage – Some powered access platforms are large and need a lot of storage space that could be difficult to find. Not everyone has room for a road towable boom lift in their garage.

There are pros and cons to renting and buying powered access equipment and the right choice will depend on your individual needs. The issues are still the same when considering what is right for your business: value for money, safety and servicing, and storage. Make sure you are choosing the right tools for the job before you sign a contract and that anyone using it is fully trained, and you will make the decision that's right for your business,.

Fortunately, these dangerous and expensive incidents are easily avoided as there are two main factors which can prevent stability problems: knowing how to the use the equipment properly and carefully assessing surface they are used on.

Stabilising the Equipment

Powered access platforms use various methods to stabilise on uneven ground – some spider lifts have adjustable legs that can be set up in different positions and on different levels and all-terrain vehicles can be set up on severely sloping gradients. Here are some key points to remember:

• Each machine has benefits and limitations so familiarise yourself with the specifics and only operate the machine within the manufacturers recommendations
• Inspect the machinery to make sure it is fit for use and ensure operators are fully trained
• Warning lights on the control panel will tell the operator if the machine is not level
• Outriggers generate high pressure at the feet which may not be supported by many areas of soil or unmade ground and even some paved areas, so additional foundations may be required

Checking the Ground

Ground conditions have a big impact on the stability of MEWPs and a ground survey should be completed before every job. Poor conditions may mean further support is required such as spreader plates, timber mats or concrete pads.

Here are some common points to consider when completing a ground survey:

• The weather has a big impact on outdoor ground conditions, in particular rain and ground that has thawed after a frost. Regular checks should be made as conditions are changeable
• Paved areas, such as footpaths, may look strong but could have weaker ground or shallow services underneath
• Roads in estates and residential areas may be less durable than those designed for commercial vehicles.
• Avoid the edge of trenches and other excavations as these may collapse without warning
• Indoor spaces should be properly surveyed as floors, cellars and basements are often unable to take the necessary weight
• Underground services such as sewers, drains, manholes, gas and water mains might be damaged by the weight or could even collapse

MEWPs can be stabilised and perform safely and effectively on most surfaces and gradients provided a few basic things are taken into consideration. Make sure you know how to use the individual machine, what it is capable of, and what it is telling you. This applies to both road towable and vehicle mounted platforms. Assess the ground conditions that you are working on to ensure you can use the machine to its optimum performance. This will prevent avoidable tip overs or subsidence accidents that can put lives at risk.

Under health and safety laws and work at height regulations, training in the use of powered access is compulsory. Anyone working with the equipment needs to know how to inspect it, to operate it safely, and to recognise and avoid any potential hazards. As well as this general training, they should also be given familiarisation training on the specific model that they will be working with.

Who is responsible for training?

Employers and individual users must make sure operators are properly trained. Rental companies are also obliged to direct their clients to appropriate training if they don't deliver it themselves.

Courses are available for:
• Operators
• Demonstrators
• Instructors

What does training involve?

Training is a combination of classroom based study and hands-on experience with the equipment and includes:

• Industry regulations and standards
• Choosing the right platform for the job
• Carrying out workplace inspections
• Operation of the powered access platform including demonstrated proficiency in all functions of the equipment
• How to recognise and avoid common hazards
• Operator warnings and instructionsThe purpose and use of manuals
• Carrying out a pre-start inspection
• Factors affecting stability
• Personal protective equipment
• General equipment components
• Safe use of equipment
• Understanding issues associated with larger machines: e.g. outriggers/stabilizers, extendable axles, envelope management systems, load-moment devices, dual capacity

Specific Training

Training can be tailored to the individual requirements of a business and can cover specific categories of Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWP) such as:
• Static Vertical (1a)
• Static Boom (1b)
• Mobile Vertical (3a)
• Mobile Boom (3b)
• Insulated Aerial Device (IAD)
• Specialist machines (SPECIAL)

Accredited training centres are located across the country and courses can be held at their premises, or on a convenient site with suitable facilities.

Find out more

In 2010, aerial work platform industry professionals published 'The Statement of Best Practices of General Training and Familiarization for Aerial Work Platform Equipment.' This document sets out the obligations and requirements of those responsible for delivering, arranging and receiving training in the use of powered access platforms and is essential reading for anyone planning a job at height with powered access platforms.

Powered access platforms have many benefits for working at height but employers and users need to make sure they are used safely and properly. Training staff is not only a legal requirement, but jobs can be completed more efficiently if everyone involved knows how to use the equipment properly, and dangerous and costly accidents are avoided.

In addition to the usual safety concerns for the workforce, it can be complicated to get the necessary equipment to the work area, let alone set it up and start using it. Powered access platforms often need to be transported through a tight space and set up, taking care not to damage the surrounding environment and making sure the machine is fully operational and safe despite these additional limitations.

Spider lifts have been specially designed to work in areas that are inaccessible to other powered access platforms and to provide maximum functionality, indoors or in tight spaces.

The name comes from the shape of the stabilizer legs which fold in and out to enable the lift to be used in narrow spaces and to pass through standard width doorways or gateways which would be problematic for other types of lift. This clever design does not mean a compromise on the overall functionality of the lift as they are still able to safely reach significant heights, and have strength and stability on uneven and sloping surfaces.

Spider lifts can be used indoors or outdoors on all terrain but have a number of features which make them particularly useful for jobs indoors or in more delicate areas. These include:

• A tracked chassis to spread the weight of the lift over a larger area and reduce the ground bearing pressure, preventing damage to fragile floors or pathways.
• Electric motor power option for indoor use which reduces operational noise.
• Lower overall weight than other types of lift with no reduced functionality.
• Easy to transport as most are road towable.
• Radio control options for use in tight spaces.

The narrow design and low ground pressure make them flexible and reliable on delicate surfaces, both indoors and outdoors. The spider-like legs can even be set up in different positions on different ground levels meaning the machines can be used in compact spaces where other lifts are unable to work.

Spider lifts are the least disruptive type of powered access platform making them flexible and adaptable for a range of unique and specific jobs. They have reduced noise, flexible access and can be used on most surfaces without compromising safety, functionality or causing damage to more delicate surfaces, even in the most unusual spaces.

The first phase of the project will be between London and Birmingham and it will eventually extend to Manchester and Leeds. It will be operational by 2026 and will slash journey times between the UK’s major cities.

Road Rail access platforms are used for a wide range of essential jobs at height on the national railways including:

• Repairing and installing signals and posts
• Structural inspections of bridges, stations and embankments
• Clearing verges and embankments of vegetation and debris
• Work on power lines

Jobs that overrun on the railways can be expensive as they have a knock on effect on services and commuters so safe, rapid access to all sections of the track is vital. Road rail access platforms are specially adapted to run on both infrastructures, providing a flexible solution so jobs can be reached and completed quickly, safely and with minimal impact on the surrounding environment.

Having the duel ability to operate on road and rail tracks does not reduce the speed or functionality of the equipment. It is easy to switch from one operation mode to the other and it saves money as well as time by reducing the need to hire locomotive plant or attempt access through protected or remote areas of countryside.

Newer models are more robust and efficient than ever before. First supplied to the UK in 2003, the most recent Basket RR14 road rail access platforms are third and fourth rail compliant with more than 30 improved features to tackle complicated tasks in different locations. These include a 300kg capacity cage; easy to use intuitive control system; automatic self-levelling abilities; heavy duty rail gears with auto disc brakes on all rail wheels; and four wheel drive.

Many locations along the route of the proposed high speed rail track will be hard to reach and there are limits to the usefulness of trucks and tractors for a number of essential construction and maintenance jobs at height. Road rail powered access platforms are a flexible, cost effective and safe solution that will enable crews to access difficult places and carry out challenging jobs, quickly and safely.

In the construction industry, work at height is the main cause of fatal and serious injury with most accidents occurring on smaller projects. Using powered access platforms does make carrying out jobs at height safer and faster but there are still potential risks and it is important to make sure all staff are aware of any precautions to take.

According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) more than 60% of deaths resulting from work at height involve falls from ladders, scaffolds, working platforms and roof edges; or falling through fragile roofs. The law requires employers and self-employed contractors to carry out an adequate assessment of the potential risks on each job so they can do everything 'reasonably practicable' to protect people from harm.

Carrying out a risk assessment does not need to be overly complicated but it does need to be an important part of planning and completing a job. Both the supervisors and the staff should be aware of the potential dangers so they can actively avoid them.

The HSE website provides full and detailed advice on planning and completing a risk assessment for a wide range of jobs but here are the five main points to consider:

• Identify the Hazards – Walk round the site and make observations. Some of these may be obvious but it is worth getting a second opinion in case there is something you haven't noticed.
• Decide who might be harmed and how – It may be a job onsite or there may be safety concerns for the general public. Make sure staff are adequately trained to complete the work and briefed on the requirements of the job.
• Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions - Avoid working at height where it is reasonably practicable to do so, for example can you get equipment or materials prepped at ground level?
• Record your findings and implement them – Check the maintenance of the powered access platform and other equipment and make sure that workers know how to operate it safely and effectively. Take extra steps to prevent any person falling a distance that could cause personal injury and use equipment to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall if necessary, such as safety nets.
• Review your assessment and update if necessary – circumstances change all the time so your assessment of the risks will too.

Powered access platforms make working at height safer and quicker but they do not remove all the potential risks such as dangerous structures, bad weather or accidents. A risk assessment will ensure that potential problems are managed and can be prevented, so each job is completed without an incident or injury. Visit the Safe Working Height page on our website for more information.